The highest efficacy was obtained with the highest dose of M3 (8 × 1011 OBs/ha), which was similar to that found when formulated SfCOL was applied using an approximately twofold higher dose. M3 was formulated and evaluated under greenhouse conditions in maize plants using different doses. litura larvae, suggesting that the key point in this enhancing activity is the initial step of the larva colonization, the midgut infection. The GVPs increased 27% larval mortality caused by SfCOL and damaged the peritrophic membrane of S.
The enhancer activity of proteins derived from VG008 (GVPs) were also evaluated in mixture with SfCOL. The mixture M3 showed the highest enhancement of SfCOL reducing 11.40 times the Mean Lethal Concentration and 96 h in the Mean Time to Death. All mixtures showed higher insecticidal activity that SfCOL. Bioassays were performed with mixtures by using different proportions 90%:10% (M1), 95%:5% (M2) and 97.5%:2.5% (M3) of SfCOL:VG008, respectively. frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpfrMNPV) was evaluated on S. frugiperda granulovirus (SpfrGV) to enhance the infectivity of the isolate SfCOL of S. The previous reported ability of SfGV VG008 to naturally co-infect the same host with other virus show a possible mechanism to capture genes and thus improve its fitness. The bioinformatics evidence indicates that the genome donors of mentioned genes could be alpha- and/or betabaculovirus species. The sequence analysis revealed the existence of eight homologous regions (hrs) and also suggests processes of gene acquisition by horizontal transfer including the SfGV VG008 ORFs 046/047 (paralogs), 059, 089 and 099. Particularly, the genome encodes for important virulence factors such as 4 chitinases and 2 enhancins.
The SfGV VG008 genome was sequenced and analyzed showing circular double stranded DNA of 140,913 bp encoding 146 putative ORFs that include 37 Baculoviridae core genes, 88 shared with betabaculoviruses, two shared only with betabaculoviruses from Noctuide insects, two shared with alphabaculoviruses, three copies of own genes (paralogs) and the other 14 corresponding to unique genes without representation in the other baculovirus species. frugiperda (SfGV VG008) has potential as an enhancer of insecticidal activity of previously described nucleopolyhedrovirus from the same insect species (SfMNPV). Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a major pest in maize crops in Colombia, and affects several regions in America.
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